The various different brands of linux are generally known as linux distributions usually shortened to linux distros by linux experts. In this article, we describe the history of linux as an open source operating system kernel, which is the central component of most computer operating systems that acts as a bridge between applications and the actual data processing done at the hardware level. Free software founder richard stallman heavily criticized the use of a proprietary software for the development of an open source software. I found this illustration for debian linux distribution. The berkeley software distribution bsd was an operating system based on research unix, developed and distributed by the computer systems research group csrg at the university of california, berkeley. May 31, 2006 linux journal celebrated the publication of its 100th issue in 2002 with the release of the linux timeline. Linux operating system timeline timetoast timelines. In celebration and in honor of an amazing communitys history were compiling. A complete historical timeline of linux evolution linksprite. We present you with the most complete historical timeline of linux. The linux kernel history is published due to the efforts of riley williams and others. Unix and linux history with information about each of the version released including the introduction of unics unix in 1969. It bolstered opensource software and enabled linux to become such a. Adblock detected my website is made possible by displaying online advertisements to my visitors.
Eurobsdcon, an annual event in europe in september, october or november, founded in. In celebration and in honor of an amazing communitys history were compiling the significant events of 2002 through 2006 and of course anything from. Today, bsd often refers to its descendants, such as freebsd, openbsd, netbsd, or dragonfly bsd, and systems based on those descendants. Today, supercomputers, smart phones, desktop, web servers, tablet, laptops and home appliances like washing machines, dvd players, routers, modems, cars, refrigerators, etc use linux os.
The remaining softwarethe shells, compiler toolchain, utilities and tools, and plethora of applicationsoperate above the kernel. Linux is typically packaged in a linux distribution. Under the name unitedlinux was created a common basis for the uniform development of a linux distribution. Contribute to fabiololixlinuxtimeline development by creating an account on github. There are numerous derivative systems not listed in this chart, maybe 10 times more. Timeline of linux development article about timeline of. A linux distribution is usually built around a package management system, which puts together the linux kernel, free and opensource software, and occasionally some proprietary software. Rhel is one of the few linux distributions that changed linux forever. In this article, you explore the general structure of the linux kernel and get to know its major subsystems and core interfaces. Ages of computing generations history of the unix and linux operating systems structure of an os software layers in linux. Chapter 1 covers gnulinux history, gnu and the free software foundation, linux kernel and timeline of unixlinux and the gnu. He wanted to distribute the kernel software freely, because it was a hobby, not a. It was conceived and created in 1991 by linus torvalds.
Linux distributions that bundle the linux kernel with system software eg. Linux is just one type of unix which is most famously known for being an open source, free as in free speech, not always cost, derivative of unix. Linux journal celebrated the publication of its 100th issue in 2002 with the release of the linux timeline. Linux operating system timeline created by ashleywestbrook. Where possible, you get links to other ibm articles to help you dig deeper. The linux kernel, which was developed by linus torvalds, was integrated with software from the gnu project and. This makes sense too but i never use the term gnu linux. History of unix, linux, and open source free software. It was originally developed as a multitasking system for minicomputers and mainframes in the mid1970s. Ubuntu linux is one of a number of different flavors of the linux operating system. Linux os distributions timeline timetoast timelines. Linux has evolved from a hobby into a computing revolution. Red hat also has a relationship with the centos project, another popular linux distribution for web servers.
Its not the complete timeline with all the important events of last 25. These kernel releases are not hosted at and kernel developers can provide no support for them. Today, linux stands as one of the most successful software in the history. Red hat linux was originally developed exclusively inside red hat, with the only feedback from users coming through bug reports and contributions to the included software packages not contributions to the distribution as such. While still a student at the university of helsinki, torvalds started developing linux to create a system similar to minix, a unix operating system. Many linux distributions provide an installation system akin to that provided with other modern operating systems. It is deployed on a wide variety of computing systems, from personal computers, mobile devices, mainframes, and supercomputer to embedded devices, such as routers, wireless access points, private branch exchanges, settop boxes, fta receivers, smart tvs, personal video recorders, and nas appliances. Gnu linux is a collaborative effort between the gnu project, formed in 1983 to develop the gnu operating system and the development team of linux, a kernel.
As part of our 100th issue celebration, we present 100 of the most significant events in linux history. This is a copyleft license that allows anyone to download, alter, and distribute software with the gpl license. An almost complete reconstruction of all the released linux kernels has been done. This distribution is also the one to which most software being made available for linux is ported first, such as db2, oracle, wordperfect 8, etc. But it was not the dominant force in the past it is now, it all started as a hobby by a finish student. Linux tux the penguin, mascot of linux 1 developer community linus torvalds written in c, assembly language os family unixlike. A gnulinux distribution is usually formed by the linux kernel, gnu tools and. In 1989 as part of the gnu project, richard stallman creates the gpl general public license.
Jan 11, 2011 ubuntu linux is one of a number of different flavors of the linux operating system. This means,for examplekali,ubuntu,fedora,mint etc are different distros which work on linux kernel shell acts as an interface between the user and the kernel. A brief history of linux running linux, third edition book. Linux, being the operating system, is the intermediary between hardware and software. Initially linux was intended to develop into an operating system of its own, but these plans were shelved somewhere along the way. The gpl version 2 was written by the free software foundation in 1991, since then the linux kernel is put under this licence. When people speak of the linux kernel, they are typically specific and say the linux kernel. Linux, computer operating system created in the early 1990s by finnish software engineer linus torvalds and the free software foundation fsf. Linux kernel architecture support timeline stack overflow. Gnulinux is a collaborative effort between the gnu project, formed in 1983 to develop the gnu operating system and the development team of linux, a kernel. The bsd berkeley software distribution operating system was created as a fork of unix at the university of california at berkeley in 1976.
Whats the relationship between a linux os and a kernel. The resulting linux kernel has been marked by constant growth throughout its history. I wanted to quickly look up linux kernel release dates by version number. Having covered briefly some of the history of linux and taking a look at the process of selecting a distribution, we can now look specifically at four of the most popular linux. Ever since, the fortunes of our magazine have followed those of linux at large. It was originally developed as a multitasking selection from running linux, third edition book. In 1991, linus torvalds created the linux kernel based on minix, a version of unix written by andrew tanenbaum.
Continue reading linux kernel history and distribution time line. Caldera announces that they are changing their name to the sco group and are going to concentrate on unix development. This article examines the history of four most popular linux distributions that are currently available. Linux timeline article about linux timeline by the free. The linux kernel is a free and opensource, monolithic, unixlike operating system kernel. Red hat uses trademark law to prevent their official red hat enterprise linux software from being redistributed. However, i need data for plain linux kernel, not debian linux. Linux refers to the kernel or the core of the operating system, which was initially developed by linus torvalds. Summary of the changes and new features merged in the linux kernel during the 2. Ophone baidu yi libranet omoikane arma quantian dsln hikarunix damn vulnerable linux damn small linux knoppmyth danix parsix auditor security linux backtrack kanotix bioknoppix max kaella parallelknoppix musix neodizinha patinho faminto symphony os whoppix whax b2d joatha shabdix feather medialinux mediainlinux artistx insert aquamorph. The emergence of linux has revolutionized the history of free software and helped to popularize it.
Linux kernel simple english wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. He maintains it should be called gnu linux, as he sees distributions as the linux kernel plus the additional software from the gnu project. For years, proprietary software bitkeeper was used for version control in linux kernel development. What could be described as the first linux distribution, called mcc interim linux is released by the university of manchester. Linus torvalds and linux timeline timetoast timelines. Having been the highest climber in ipo history, va linux becomes the poster child for the dotcom bust. Richard stallman expresses interest in having the free software foundation distribute a gnu system with the linux kernel.
Ads are annoying but they help keep this website running. Since the initial release of its source code in 1991, it has grown from a small number of c files under a license prohibiting commercial distribution to the 4. Linux is a family of open source unixlike operating systems based on the linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on september 17, 1991, by linus torvalds. Each linux distribution has a different goal and a slightly different focus. In contrast to torvalds, stallman and the fsf started by creating. Linux kernel the nucleus of the linux operating system. Elements of it are guidelines of the linux standard base. This distribution is aimed at telecommunications applications that.
Shell can be command line interface or graphic user interface. Jun 20, 2017 for years, proprietary software bitkeeper was used for version control in linux kernel development. We present you with the most complete historical timeline of linux evolution on the web spanning over 23. Linux began in 1991 as a personal project by finnish student linus torvalds. Os is just kernel and shell which work hand in hand distro is combination of customized shells working on a kernel. The license model gpl that linux underlies, offers to the developer extensive liberties and spreads transfers of technology because the knowledge is open. Restoration of 1st edition unix kernel sources from pdf document. The linux kernel, which was developed by linus torvalds, was integrated with software from the gnu project and other sources to create the actual linux operating system. I am either talking about the kernel linux, or linux distributions, or a specific distribution. This was changed in late 2003 when red hat linux merged with the communitybased fedora project. As shown in the timeline, the first issue of linux journal coincided with the release of linux 1. Libranet omoikane arma quantian damn vulnerable linux damn small linux knoppmyth danix parsix auditor security linux backtrack kali kanotix b2d whoppix whax symphony os neodizinha patinho faminto musix parallelknoppix kaella max feather medialinux mediainlinux artistx insert aquamorph dreamlinux hiwix hiweed deepin shift linux zonecd morphix. Oct 27, 2017 red hat created a linux distribution in 1993, and ten years later split its efforts into red hat enterprise linux and fedora, a communitybased operating system that utilizes the linux kernel and elements from the gnu project. A complete historical timeline of linux evolution linux is everywhere, at home, offices, colleges, labs and space stations.
Linux timeline and bsd timeline by andreas lundqvist and donjan rodic, continued by fabio loli. It has been suggested that list of linux kernel names be merged into this article. Linux is an operating system kernel used by a group of unixlike operating systems. January 12 creative labs advertises for a linux driver writer to produce an sb live driver job posting here. Centos is a community project that takes the red hat enterprise linux code, removes all red hats trademarks, and makes it available for free use and distribution. Valve released steamos, a gaming operating system based on the linux distribution debian, on december, 20. About the same time, american software developer richard stallman and the fsf made efforts to create an opensource unixlike operating system called gnu. Find out information about timeline of linux development. Ever since, the fortunes of our magazine have followed those of. A quick online search result into interesting set of information. Linux uses most of its tools from gnu software and are under gnu.
Jun 05, 2007 i was just answering a question on our forum. Its now 2006, linux itself turns 15 this year and linux journal, a little older, grayer and wiser, is soon to release its 150th issue. A brief history of linux unix is one of the most popular operating systems worldwide because of its large support base and distribution. It is hard to keep the site running and producing new content when so many people block ads. Unix history history of unix and bsd using diagrams. Timeline of the most important events in 25 years of linux its foss. Many linux distributions provide their own longterm maintenance kernels that may or may not be based on those maintained by kernel developers. In celebration and in honor of an amazing communitys history were compiling the significant events. Free software founder richard stallman heavily criticized the use of a proprietary. Chrome os is designed to be used with a chromebook. Linux is everywhere, at home, offices, colleges, labs and space stations. The linux kernel is combined with gnu to create the free gnu linux operating system, which many refer to as simply linux. Take a look at the timeline of the most important events in the last 25 years of linux. The emergence of linux has revolutionized the history of free software and.
The linux kernel is the core of a large and complex operating system, and while its huge, it is well organized in terms of subsystems and layers. Linux kernel history and distribution time line nixcraft. The linux kernel archive mirror system is established to better get new kernels out to the world. I would love if someone could precisely spell dates of introduction of each architecture x86, alpha, sparc, arm, etc. Even though most people have heard of linux, they still associate it primarily with various operating system distributions built around it. Libranet omoikane arma quantian damn vulnerable linux damn small linux knoppmyth danix parsix auditor security linux backtrack kali kanotix b2d whoppix whax symphony os neodizinha patinho faminto musix parallelknoppix kaella max feather medialinux mediainlinux artistx insert aquamorph dreamlinux hiwix hiweed deepin shift linux zonecd morphix kalango dizinha poseidon kurumin knoppix skolelinux. These are known as linux operating systems the linux kernel is released with the gnu general public license version 2 gplv2 and developed by programmers worldwide. It is easy to tell if you are running a distribution kernel.
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